Article Critique [Major Assessment 4]

DNP graduates are expected to apply research findings and integrate nursing science into evidence-based practice. To develop your ability to engage in this high level of nursing practice, you will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a research study over the next several weeks using the concepts presented throughout Weeks 1 through 9 of the course. Your final analysis will be a 5- to 7-page paper that includes the following:
• Brief one to two paragraph overview of the study
• Two to three strengths of the study and support for your selection (i.e. why is this a strength)
• Two to three weaknesses of the study and support for your selection (i.e. why is this a weakness)
• Note: The strengths and weaknesses you identified should be in relation to design, sampling, data collection, statistical analysis, results and discussion of the study
• Proposed changes to improve the quality of the study, capitalizing on the strengths and improving on the weaknesses identified in the study
• Summary of the implications for nursing practice
The purpose of the analysis is to help you develop a deeper understanding of the research process, to inspire you to think critically and deeply about research on a specific topic, and to strengthen your ability to integrate research findings into evidence-based nursing practice. This assignment also gives you practice in analyzing the research literature, which will support you when you begin your DNP project. Before you proceed, please review the rubric for this assignment, which is located in the Grading section in the left-hand navigation menu of this course. Keep in mind that you will be working on your article critique throughout Weeks 2 through 9 with your critique due by Day 7 of Week 9.
To prepare for this week’s assignment complete the following:
• Select one of the four research articles cited in this week’s required readings.

• Review the various quantitative research designs presented in the textbook readings and research articles and discussed in the “Musings: Aligning Research Question and Methodology” media.

• Consider the research design used in your selected article. Ask yourself the following questions. Is the design appropriate for the study? Would a different design provide better results?
• Fouquier, K.F. (2011). The concept of motherhood among three generations of African American women. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(2), 145–153. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Grey, M., Whittemore, R., Jaser, S., Ambrosino, J., Lindemann, E., Liberti, L., Northrup, V., & Dziura, J. (2009). Effects of coping skills training in school-age children with Type 1 diabetes. Research in Nursing & Health, 32, 405–418. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Methey, N.A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B.J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59, 18–25. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Newhouse, R.P., Morlock. L., Pronovost, P., & Breckenridge-Sproat, S. (2011). Rural hospital nursing: Results of a national survey of nurse executives. Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(3), 129–137. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

• Fouquier, K.F. (2011). The concept of motherhood among three generations of African American women. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(2), 145–153. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Grey, M., Whittemore, R., Jaser, S., Ambrosino, J., Lindemann, E., Liberti, L., Northrup, V., &Dziura, J. (2009). Effects of coping skills training in school-age children with Type 1 diabetes. Research in Nursing & Health, 32, 405–418. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Methey, N.A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B.J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59, 18–25. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Newhouse, R.P., Morlock. L., Pronovost, P., & Breckenridge-Sproat, S. (2011). Rural hospital nursing: Results of a national survey of nurse executives. Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(3), 129–137. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Application 1: Article Critique [Major Assessment 4]

DNP graduates are expected to apply research findings and integrate nursing science into evidence-based practice. To develop your ability to engage in this high level of nursing practice, you will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a research study over the next several weeks using the concepts presented throughout Weeks 1 through 9 of the course. Your final analysis will be a 5- to 7-page paper that includes the following:
• Brief one to two paragraph overview of the study
• Two to three strengths of the study and support for your selection (i.e. why is this a strength)
• Two to three weaknesses of the study and support for your selection (i.e. why is this a weakness)
• Note: The strengths and weaknesses you identified should be in relation to design, sampling, data collection, statistical analysis, results and discussion of the study
• Proposed changes to improve the quality of the study, capitalizing on the strengths and improving on the weaknesses identified in the study
• Summary of the implications for nursing practice
The purpose of the analysis is to help you develop a deeper understanding of the research process, to inspire you to think critically and deeply about research on a specific topic, and to strengthen your ability to integrate research findings into evidence-based nursing practice. This assignment also gives you practice in analyzing the research literature, which will support you when you begin your DNP project. Before you proceed, please review the rubric for this assignment, which is located in the Grading section in the left-hand navigation menu of this course. Keep in mind that you will be working on your article critique throughout Weeks 2 through 9 with your critique due by Day 7 of Week 9.
To prepare for this week’s assignment complete the following:
• Select one of the four research articles cited in this week’s required readings.

• Review the various quantitative research designs presented in the textbook readings and research articles and discussed in the “Musings: Aligning Research Question and Methodology” media.

• Consider the research design used in your selected article. Ask yourself the following questions. Is the design appropriate for the study? Would a different design provide better results?
You are not required to submit this assignment this week.

Applied statistics to nursing
Order Description
1.Refer to the “Visual Learner: Statistics” for examples to help complete the problems in the “Topic 5: Correlation/Regression and Chi Square Excel Worksheet.” Also, to aide in the Excel calculations, view the appropriate section of the Excel tutorials. Answer each question completely in the Excel worksheet provided.

2.Complete Exercise 23 and 24 in Statistics for Health Care Research: A Practical Workbook.

In order to receive full credit on calculated answers, please show your work. (Use Word’s equation editor, etc., and/or provides a short written description as to how you obtained the final result.) Exercise 24 includes 10 questions and a bonus question. Answer all questions including the bonus question.

SYS DIAS A: place correlation table here
104 61 SYS DIAS
99 64 SYS
102 65 DIAS
114 76
94 58
101 66 B: place regression equation table here
108 61 SUMMARY OUTPUT
104 41
123 72 Regression Statistics
93 61 Multiple R
89 56 R Square
112 62 Adjusted R Square
107 48 Standard Error
116 62 Observations
181 102
98 61 ANOVA
100 53 df SS MS F Significance F
127 74 Regression
107 67 Residual
116 71 Total
97 64
155 85 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95%
106 59 Intercept
110 70 SYS
105 69
118 82
133 83
113 75
113 66 C: Predicted diastolic pressure
107 67
95 59
108 72
114 79
104 73
125 73
124 85
92 46
119 81
93 64
106 64
Week 5 Workbook Exercises 23 & 24
To answer a question, please click on “Choose an item” and on the drop-down arrow and choose an answer. Here is a resulting drop-down list:

If it is not working, you can enter your answers to the table at the end of the file.

Exercise 23: Questions to be Graded
1. What is the r value for the relationship between Hamstring strength index 60°/s and the Shuttle run test?
A. -0.149
B. -0.124
C. 0.247
D. 0.342
Answer: Choose an item.

Is this r value significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.
A. Yes. p-value<0.05.
B. No. p-value =0.05.
Answer: Choose an item.

2. Consider r = 1.00 and r = –1.00. Which r value is stronger? Provide a rationale for your answer.
A. First one is stronger, because it is positive.
B. Neither is stronger. Both are the strongest linear relationship.
Answer: Choose an item.
3. Describe the direction of the relationship between the Hamstring strength index 60°/s and the Shuttle run test.
A. It is positive.
B. It is negative, but not statistically significant.
Answer: Choose an item.
4. Without using numbers, describe the relationship between the Hamstring strength index 120°/s and the Triple hop index.
A. There is a statistically significantly positive, strong relationship.
B. There is no statistically significant relationship between them.
Answer: Choose an item.
5. Which variable has the weakest relationship with the Quadriceps strength index 120°/s?
A. Hop index
B. Triple hop index
C. Shuttle run test
D. Side step test
Answer: Choose an item.

Provide a rationale for your answer.
A. Its absolute value is closer to 0.
B. It is positive.
C. It is negative.
Answer: Choose an item.

6. Which of the following sets of variables has the strongest relationship?
A. Hamstring strength index 120°/s and the Hop index
B. Quadriceps strength index 60°/s and the Carioca test
C. Quadriceps strength index 120°/s and the Side step test
D. Quadriceps strength index 60°/s and the Triple hop index
Answer: Choose an item.

7. In Table 5, two r values are reported as r = –0.498 and r = –0.528 (Shuttle run test or Side step test with first quadricepts strength index 60/s)
A. There was as negative linear relationship for the studied variables.
B. There was positive linear relationship for the studies variables.
Answer: Choose an item.
Indicate which would be more statistically significant, and provide a rationale for your answer.
A. -0.498 would be more statistically significant, because p=0.004.
B. -0.528 would be, because p=0.002.
Answer: Choose an item.
8. The researchers stated that the study showed a positive, significant correlation between Quadriceps strength indices and pre- and postoperative functional stability. Considering the data presented in the Table 5, do you agree with their statement? Provide a rationale for your answer.
A. Yes, I agree with their statement. The values of many r’s for the quadriceps index indicates a statistically significant relationship between pre and post-op functional stability.
B. No. The table only show the relationship between strength indices and function after surgery.
Answer: Choose an item.

9. The researchers stated that no significant relationship could be described between Hamstring strength indices 60°/s and functional stability. Given the data in Table 5, explain why not.
A. No p-values are<0.05.
B. Some p-value is less than 0.05.
Answer: Choose an item.

10. Consider the relationship reported for the Quadriceps strength index 120°/s and the Hop index (r = 0.744**, p = 0.000). What do these r and p values indicate related to statistical significance and clinical importance?
A. The linear relationship is of statistical significance, and maybe of clinical importance.
B. The linear relationship is neither of statistical significance, nor of clinical importance.
Answer: Choose an item.

Exercise 24
1. What is the r value listed for the relationship between variables 4 and 9?
A. -0.45
B. -0.32
C. -0.22
D. 0.74
Answer: Choose an item.
2. Describe the correlation r = –0.32** using words. Is this a statistically significant correlation? Provide a rationale for your answer.
A. It is a statistically significant moderate inverse linear relationship, because p<0.01.
B. It is a strong but not statistically significant relationship, because it has two starts.
Answer: Choose an item.

3. Calculate the percentage of variance explained for r = 0.53. Is this correlation clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.
A. 15 percent.
B. 28 percent.
C. 53 percent.
D. 75 percent.
Answer: Choose an item.

Is this correlation clinically important?
A. Yes, because r>=0.3 and it is significant.
B. No, because r is too small.
Answer: Choose an item.

4. According to Table 2, r = 0.15 is listed as the correlation between which two items? Describe this relationship. Answer: Variable 3 and variable 7. It is positive but not significant.
A. True.
B. False.
Answer: Choose an item.

What is the effect size for this relationship, and what size sample would be needed to detect this relationship in future studies?
A. Effect size is the same as r. Sample size needs to be larger and calculated.
B. The effect size is unknown, and sample size should remain the same.
Answer: Choose an item.

5. Calculate the percentage of variance explained for r = 0.15. Describe the clinical importance of this relationship.
A. 1.5 percent
B. 2.25 percent
C. 15 percent
D. 22.5 percent
Answer: Choose an item.

6. Which two variables in Table 2, have the weakest correlation, or r value? Which relationship is the closest to this r value? Provide a rationale for your answer. Answer: Variables 6 and 7. They are very close to 0.
A. True
B. False
Answer: Choose an item.

7. Is the correlation between LOT-R Total scores and Avoidance-Distraction coping style statistically significant? Is this relationship relevant to practice? Provide rationales for your answers.
A. Yes, but not practically important, because p<0.05 and r squared < 9%.
B. No, but practically important, because p>0.05 and r squared > 9%.
Answer: Choose an item.
8. Is the correlation between variables 9 and 4 significant? Is this correlation relevant to practice? Provide a rationale for your answer.
A. Yes. Because p<0.01 and r squared > 9%.
B. No. Because p>0.01 and r squared < 9%
Answer: Choose an item.

9. Consider two values, r = 0.08 and r = –0.58. Describe them in relationship to each other. Describe the clinical importance of both r values.
Do you agree: the first one is weak, the second is moderate, but negative. The first one is not clinically important. The second is of importance because its squared value is > 9 percent.
A. Yes.
B. No.
Answer: Choose an item.

10. Examine the Pearson r values for LOT-R Total, which measured Optimism with the Task and Emotion Coping Styles. What do these results indicate? How might you use this information in your practice?
It has a strong positive relationship with variable 3, strong negative relationship with variable 4.
A. Yes.
B. No.
Answer: Choose an item.

Strong and significant relationship with variables 5 and 6 (positive and negative, respectively).
A. Yes.
B. No.
Answer: Choose an item.

Moderate and significant relationship with variable 8 and 9. Positive coping styles related to variable 2 could be considered to achieve optimism.
A. Yes.
B. No.
Answer: Choose an item.

BONUS QUESTION
One of the study goals was to examine the relationship between optimism and psychopathology. Using the data in Table 2, formulate an opinion regarding the overall correlation between optimism and psychopathology. Provide a rationale for your answer.
A. r=-0.72. It is statistically significant and strong. Higher optimism is related with lower psychopathology.
B. r is between -0.59 and -0.72. It is statistically significant.
Answer: Choose an item.
Grading
Please do not make any changes for the following grading table unless you have a problem with the drop-down lists (then you can enter your answers in the second column). If you use the drop-down lists, the instructor will update your answers in the table. Thanks

Question Your answer Correct answer Possible points Your points
23. 1 2
2
2 4
3 4
4 4
5 2
2
6 4
7 2
2
8 4
9 4
10 4
24. 1 4
2 4
3 2
2
4 2
2
5 4
6 4
7 4
8 4
9 4
10 1.33
1.33
1.34
Bonus 4
Total 84

C:\Users\Daniel\OneDrive\OnlineUniv\GCU\HLT362V\Class\1412\Week1\Week1ExcelAs

Teenage pregnancy/Consider Levels of Nursing Intervention

Paper details:

• Provide a few examples of community resources that need to be in place to assist your population group’s problem. What resources are missing? African American or Hispanic youth

• Are there any cultural-based related issues regarding your group that should inform your approach to care?

• Identify one evidence-based behavior change technique to promote health in this population.

• Suggest one evidence-based intervention to address the health problem for your population of interest.
Webliography NURS 4010/4011 Category
CDC Wonder http://wonder.cdc.gov/
General
CDC Health People 2020 Data http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2020/hp2020_data.htmCHANGE (Community Health Tool for Change)http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/change.htm
General
Community Health Status Indicators Report http://wwwn.cdc.gov/CommunityHealth/homepage.aspx?j=1National Center for Health Statistics http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/
General
National Association for Public Health Statistics http://www.naphsis.org/Pages/home.aspxHealth Data http://www.healthdata.gov/
General
Public Health Service and Systems Research http://www.publichealthsystems.orgPublic Health Partners http://phpartners.org/
General

Evidence based public health
• http://www.thecommunityguide.org/toolbox/index.html
• http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0324.htm
• http://www.nnphi.org/program-areas/evidence-based-public-health
• http://phpartners.org/tutorial/04-ebph/index.html
• http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/chac/evidence.htm
General

Robert Woods Johnson—Health Data http://www.rwjf.org/en/topics/rwjf-topic-areas/health-data.html
General

Robert Woods Johnson—Research Publications http://www.rwjf.org/en/research-publications/research-features/rwjf-datahub/national.html#q/scope/national/ind/10/dist/0/char/0/time/3/viz/map/cmp/brkdwn

Week 4: Consider Levels of Nursing Intervention for key health concerns in your community.
Develop nursing interventions at the community and system level of care aimed at primary prevention for population of interest/at risk.

Week 4: Level of nursing care is different than levels of prevention. This project is supposed to focus on community and system levels of nursing care. (See text for explanation) A community level of care will involve addressing the culture and health beliefs of the community as a whole. A system level of intervention might be to bring the parents, teens, school nurses, church, and OB/GYN provider together to work on the issue as a group. A community level intervention may involve a social marketing campaign geared to address the teens of your community. Do they think it is cool to be pregnant or does the youth group in the church inadvertently promote pregnancy?
Your risk population is African American or Hispanic youth or both in South Florida. Chose one that you feel comfortable or that you have more material to write.
Draft interventions using culturally competent assessments and interventions to address primary prevention (see table below). Interviewing family or health care professional involved with the population at risk may help you create a successful plan. Support your ideas with the scholarly literature. (Do not include the individual level of nursing care.)

Nursing Interventions/Services
Level of Prevention Individual / Family Community System
Primary This is an important area to address, but do not focus your project on the individual Focus of Project Focus of Project
Secondary Do not focus on individuals for this project You may include secondary prevention in addition to primary prevention You may include a focus on secondary prevention in addition to primary prevention
Tertiary Up to now most of your practice has been focused at this level of care. (Acute Care) In this course you will focus on primary prevention.
Also, consider the following as they relate to your chosen population-based health problem.
• Services provided by other health care providers
• Lack of services
• Cultural beliefs of community (group)
• Health/illness beliefs
• Values, attitudes, health behaviors and practices
Please address the following:
• Provide a few examples of community resources that need to be in place to assist your population group’s problem. What resources are missing? African American or Hispanic youth
• Are there any cultural-based related issues regarding your group that should inform your approach to care?
• Identify one evidence-based behavior change technique to promote health in this population.
• Suggest one evidence-based intervention to address the health problem for your population of interest.

Understanding nursing research
Order Description
This is a research article assignment
Two part assignment: RAC 1/ RAC 2
txt book: Understanding nursing research – building an evidence based practice 6th edition by Grove, Gray and Burns (2015)
RAC 1
1. Which one of the choices below best reflects the problem statement for the RAC article? (select all that apply)
a. Sleep is studied either subjectively through self-report or by objective measures.
b. There is a lack of actigraphy studies estimating patients’ objective sleep patterns after a stroke.
c. Sleep disruption can be a problem after stroke.
d. To our knowledge, subjective and objective sleep measures have not been compared during recovery in people with stroke.
2. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for this research study?
a. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
b. Whether or not there are gender differences in sleep patterns in the stroke population is also not known.
c. The aims of this study were: (1) to compare sleep, using subjective and objective measures, in the acute phase and at 6 months follow-up; (2) to examine these data for gender differences.
d. Sleep disruption can be a problem after stroke.
3. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which of the following statements are important when considering the significance and relevance of a study? (Select all that apply.)
a. Does it influence nursing practice?
b. Does it build on previous research?
c. Does it promote theory testing or development?
d. Does it address nursing research priorities?
e. Does it identify extraneous variables?
f. Does it consider ethical principles in its design?
4. When considering the feasibility of a study, Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following
statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article?
a. The authors have credentials to design and conduct research.
b. No sources of funding were identified for this study.
c. Evidence of protection of the subject’s rights was not mentioned in this article.
d. The sample size was not adequate and the researchers had very little access to subjects
for this study.
Questions 5 – 7: Review of the Literature. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 6 & 12.)
5. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL):
a. Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem
b. Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem
c. Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built
d. To describe the abstract of the study in more detail
6. Select three major topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below:
a. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
b. Sleep is studied either subjectively through self-report or by objective measures.
c. The sample size was not adequate and the researchers had very little access to subjects for this study.
d. Men have poorer sleep quality than women.
e. Women have poorer sleep quality than men.
f. Sleep may affect stroke rehabilitation.
7. Current knowledge in the review of literature (ROL) (as found in the Introduction and Background for this article) is considered to be articles that are within 5 years of the publication date of the article. This is often assessed by reviewing the citations that are used in the ROL and counting the number that have been published within the past 5 years. Which number below most closely reflects the number of current citations in the ROL?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 13
d. 17
Questions 8 – 9: Study Framework. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 7 & 12)
8. Which of these statements best describes this study’s framework?
a. This study has an implicit framework, which is not fully developed or explained in the ROL.
b. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is the theoretical basis of this study.
c. The Biobehavioral Model of Altered Dysregulation in Circadian Systems theory is used to describe the sleep-wake disturbances for this study.
d. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 is the criteria for a theoretical framework described in this study.
9. What are the key concepts in this study’s framework?
a. Polysomnography is the gold standard for obtaining subjective measures of sleep.
b. Pain worsens sleep quality.
c. This study does not have any clearly defined concepts within a framework because it is an implicit framework.
d. There is a poor survival rate of stroke patients and many have sequelae.
Questions 10 – 14: Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses and research variables. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 5 & 12)
10. The authors state: “The aims of this study were: (1) to compare sleep, using subjective and objective measures, in the acute phase after stroke and at 6-month follow-up; (2) to examine these data for gender differences.” Is this best described as a
a. Research question
b. Research objective
c. Research hypothesis
d. None of the above.
11. Identify two of the MAJOR study variables:
a. Sleep environment
b. Sleep in the acute phase after stroke
c. Gender differences
d. Cohort study
12. What is the conceptual definition (as defined in the review of the literature) of the following study variable: sleep quality
a. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) defines sleep quality.
b. Polysomnography is the gold standard for obtaining objective measures of sleep.
c. Actigraphy estimates sleep-wake patterns.
d. The sleep patterns that promote energy and capacity for participating in rehabilitation.
13. What is the operational definition (as defined in the methods section) of the following study variable: sleep quality
a. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) defines sleep quality.
b. The sleep patterns that promote energy and capacity for participating in rehabilitation.
c. The number of awakenings and wake time increase with age.
d. Women have longer sleep times.
14. Which demographic variables were assessed by the author for this study? (select all that
apply)
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Number of children
d. Diagnosis
e. Number of awakenings
f. No demographic variables were assessed by the authors.
Questions 15- 18: Research Design (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 1, 8, & 12)
15. Which phrase best describes the research design of this study? (Hint: Although the author uses different words to describe their study than the designs mentioned in the textbook, which textbook design comes closest to the design described in the study?)
a. Descriptive
b. Comparative Descriptive
c. Correlational
d. Quasi-experimental
e. Experimental
f. Mixed methods
16. Why is this study considered longitudinal?
a. The subjects are not monitored throughout the study period.
b. Data collection took place at the beginning of the study and after 6 months.
c. The subjects were in rehabilitation for a long time.
d. Data was collected at one point in time on the subjects.
17. Does the study include a treatment or intervention described in the methods section?
a. The questionnaires used in the study may be considered to be a treatment or intervention.
b. This study was not designed with a treatment or intervention.
c. 100 patients were invited to participate in the intervention.
d. Polysomnography is the intervention used in this study.
18. Does the author specifically mention that a pilot study was done prior to conducting this study?
a. Yes
b. No
RAC 2
Questions 1 – 8 Sample. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters: 9 & 12)
1. What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study?
a. simple random sampling
b. systematic sampling
c. convenience sampling
d. network sampling
e. none of the above
2. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), what are the potential biases of this sampling method?
a. this is a strong probability sampling method with very little potential for bias
b. this method is used when an ordered list of all members of the population are available, and provides a random but not equal chance for inclusion in the study.
c. this method provides little opportunity to control for bias because subjects are included in the study merely because they happen to be in the right place at the right time.
d. this method is specific to the individuals who were recruited and the information gained cannot be generalized to others who don’t share these types of experiences.
e. none of the above biases best describe the sampling method chosen by the author.
3. What was the final sample size reported by the authors for this study?
a. 1002 nurses
b. 40 nurses
c. 309 nurses
d. 240 nurses
4. Was a power analysis conducted? If so, which statement best describes the results of the power analysis?
a. The authors mention that a power analysis was conducted.
b. The authors mention that a power analysis was conducted, and 240 subjects were determined to be needed for the study.
c. The authors do not report that a power analysis was conducted.
5. Which of these statements would be considered to be an inclusion criterion for the sample in the research article? (Select all that apply.)
a. French-speaking registered nurses
b. Currently working in the public sector
c. Received their professional attestation (license) in 2004
d. Agreed to share their contact information for research
e. Working in the Canadian province of Ontario
f. Must be less than 22 years old at the time of the survey
6. What is the acceptance rate for this study?
a. 32.1%
b. 68.9%
c. 75%
d. 33.77%
7. Which of the following would be accurate for the attrition rate for this study?
a. 32.1%
b. 68.9%
c. 33.77%
d. There is no attrition rate recorded for this study because it is a cross-sectional study.
8. What was the setting for this research study? Was it appropriate for conducting this study?
a. The setting for this study was a natural or field setting and was appropriate for this study’s research design.
b. The setting for this study was a partially controlled setting and was appropriate for this study’s research design.
c. The setting for this study was a highly controlled setting and was appropriate for this study’s research design.
d. The setting for this study was not well described by the authors and therefore not appropriate for conducting this study.
Question 9 -13: Measurement Methods. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 10 & 12.)
9. Which of these questionnaires or scales are used in this research study? (Select all that apply.)
a. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
b. Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)
c. Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI)
d. Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (YRBWBS)
e. Efforts-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI)
10. How do the authors describe the CURRENT reliability of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ).
a. they compared two pencil and paper forms of the test to determine their equivalence
b. they compared two observers of the same group of subjects to determine their equivalence in making observations
c. they tested the current group of subjects twice using the same questionnaire or scale.
d. they computed a Cronbach’s alpha on the questionnaires that were administered to this group of subjects.
11. Which type of validity (below) best describes the authors’ statements about the validity of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)?
a. content validity
b. evidence of validity from contrasting groups
c. evidence of validity from convergence
d. evidence of validity from divergence
12. Did the authors develop a questionnaire or survey for this research study?
a. No, they used only previously developed questionnaires or surveys.
b. Yes, they developed the Efforts-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI)
c. Yes, they reported adding a few of their own “short-answer” questions at the end of the questionnaire.
d. This study did not use any questionnaires or surveys.
13. Did the authors use any physiological measurements in this study?
a. Yes
b. No
Question 14 – 15: Data Collection. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 10 & 12)
14. Which one of the following best describes the data collection process used in this study.
a. questionnaires / surveys were completed and returned to the researchers
b. questionnaires / surveys were completed via the internet
c. data was collected by trained nurses
d. trained observers watched the subjects and collected the data
e. nurse researchers interviewed the study participants and transcribed the interviews
f. none of these data collection methods best describes the data collection used in this study
15. If there was more than one data collector for the study, would an estimation of inter-rater reliability be an important concept for the authors to report on for this study?
a. yes, and the authors reported their efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability.
b. yes, but the authors do not discuss any efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability.
c. no, the issue of inter-rater reliability does not apply here.
Question 16 -18: Data Analysis. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 11 & 12)
16. What descriptive statistics are used in this study? (Select all that apply.)
a. mean
b. median
c. mode
d. range
e. standard deviation
f. scatterplot
g. standard error of the mean
17. What inferential statistics are used to examine the data obtained from the subjects? (Select all that apply.)
a. Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation
b. Factor Analysis
c. Regression Analysis
d. Chi-Square
e. t-Test
f. ANOVA
g. ANCOVA
h. None of the above inferential statistics were used in this study.
18. What is the level of significance (alpha) set by the authors for this study?
a. .05 or 5%
b. .10 or 90%
c. .01 or 1%
d. a level of significance was not specifically mentioned by the author.
Question 19 – 24: Researcher’s Interpretation of the Findings. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 11 & 12)
19. Which one of these findings from the article would be considered a significant and predicted result.
a. The ability to generalize the results from this study to other nursing populations where healthcare is not government funded is limited.
b. Even if this convenience sample appears to have characteristics in common with the target population, the views of non-responders are unknown.
c. Psychological distress is related to high psychological demands and elevated job strain.
d. A lack of social support from peers does not impact the amount of psychological distress felt by the new nurse.
e. Psychological demands are related to decision latitude.
20. Which one of these findings from the article would be considered a non-significant result.
a. Psychological demands are not related to decision latitude.
b. The ability to generalize the results from this study to other nursing populations where healthcare is not government funded is limited.
c. Even if this convenience sample appears to have characteristics in common with the target population, the views of non-responders are unknown.
d. Psychological distress is related to high psychological demands and elevated job strain.
e. None of the above would be considered a non-significant result.
21. Which one of these statements from the article would be considered clinically important?
a. Even if this convenience sample appears to have characteristics in common with the target population, the views of non-responders are unknown.
b. The ability to generalize the results from this study to other nursing populations where healthcare is not government funded is limited.
c. The majority of the participants in the study were female.
d. Using a longitudinal design could help us better understand how dimensions of the psychosocial work environment could cause psychological distress in new generation nurses.
e. A need exists for strategies to mitigate the experience of psychological distress experienced by new generation nurses.
22. Which one of these statements from the article would be considered a limitation of the study?
a. Even if this convenience sample appears to have characteristics in common with the target population, the views of non-responders are unknown.
b. It is important to create a stable work environment for new nurses to promote socialization and deliver safe care.
c. Psychological distress is related to high psychological demands and elevated job strain.
d. A lack of social support from peers does not impact the amount of psychological distress felt by the new nurse.
e. Psychological demands are related to decision latitude.
23. Which one of these statements from the article would be considered a statement of generalization?
a. Psychological demands are related to decision latitude.
b. Psychological distress is related to high psychological demands and elevated job strain.
c. A lack of social support from peers does not impact the amount of psychological distress felt by the new nurse.
d. The ability to generalize the results from this study to other nursing populations where healthcare is not government funded is limited.
e. It is important to create a stable work environment for new nurses to promote socialization and deliver safe care.
24. Which one of these statements from the article would be considered a recommendation for future studies?
a. Using a longitudinal design could help us better understand how dimensions of the psychosocial work environment could cause psychological distress in new generation nurses.
b. Psychological demands are related to decision latitude.
c. Even if this convenience sample appears to have characteristics in common with the target population, the views of non-responders are unknown.
d. Psychological distress is related to high psychological demands and elevated job strain.
e. It is important to create a stable work environment for new nurses to promote socialization and deliver safe care.

Violence in Nursing
Provide a 2 to 3 page summary of the article. The paper must follow APA guidelines using a font size of 12, Times New Roman, presence of a title page, a reference page and must include in-text citations.(Peered reviewed, scholarly journal) that has been written in the last 7 years that support your topic. The body of the paper must be at least 2 – 3 pages in length, and include an introduction and a conclusion. Please only use two levels of headings. Please include a copy of the article/s when your report is submitted

2

Understanding Professional Nursing Standards in Australia

ESSAY PURPOSE

This essay will give you the opportunity to develop your understanding of how history, language and culture have shaped nursing practice.  It will help you develop a deeper understanding of the codes and principles underpinning the practice of registered nurses in Australia and how they can be applied to a real world setting.  Completing this essay will also further develop your academic and information literacy skills.

ESSAY QUESTION

Research the nursing work of one of the nurses mentioned in chapter two of your prescribed text.  Based on this research how would your chosen nurse measure up against the current Australian Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse?

This is the name of the book

Kerridge, I., Lowe, M., & Stewart, C. (2013), Ethics and law for the health professions (4th ed). The Federation Press, Leichhardt, NSW.

Daly, J., Speedy, S., & Jackson, D. (Eds.). (2014). Contexts of Nursing (Vol. 4). Chatswood, Australia: Churchill Livingstone.

It is expected that your essay will address/contain the following information:

1. The name of your chosen nurse
2. An overview of the nursing work carried out by your chosen nurse
3. A discussion and/or evaluation of how your chosen nurse would measure up against the current Australian Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse